Please Whitelist This Site?
I know everyone hates ads. But please understand that I am providing premium content for free that takes hundreds of hours of time to research and write. I don't want to go to a pay-only model like some sites, but when more and more people block ads, I end up working for free. And I have a family to support, just like you. :)
If you like The TCP/IP Guide, please consider the download version. It's priced very economically and you can read all of it in a convenient format without ads.
If you want to use this site for free, I'd be grateful if you could add the site to the whitelist for Adblock. To do so, just open the Adblock menu and select "Disable on tcpipguide.com". Or go to the Tools menu and select "Adblock Plus Preferences...". Then click "Add Filter..." at the bottom, and add this string: "@@||tcpipguide.com^$document". Then just click OK.
Thanks for your understanding!
Sincerely, Charles Kozierok
Author and Publisher, The TCP/IP Guide
|
NOTE: Using software to mass-download the site degrades the server and is prohibited. If you want to read The TCP/IP Guide offline, please consider licensing it. Thank you.
|
|
|
|
TCP/IP Internet Layer (OSI Network Layer) Protocols
The first two layers of the OSI
Reference Model, the physical layer and
data link layer, deal primarily with physical network details. The various
LAN, WLAN and WAN protocols function primarily at these two layers to
connect devices to create networks, and perform functions such as physical
connection and signaling, media access control and local delivery of
data between devices on the same network. Above these layers, we move
beyond the hardware aspects of networking and closer to the more abstract
realm of software-related network functions.
The third OSI layer is the network
layer. We are of course talking about
networks in this Guide, and it is no coincidence that the layer bearing
that name is one of the most important in comprehending how networks
function. It is here that we find protocols that tie networks together
to create internetworks, and also where cross-network addressing and
routing are performed. The network layer is also called the internet
layer in the TCP/IP
model.
In this section I provide details
for the various TCP/IP protocols that reside architecturally at the
TCP/IP internet layer / OSI network layer. Much of the focus here is
on the all-important Internet Protocol; the section covering IP includes
extensive coverage of IP version 4, IP version 6, and IP-related protocols
such as IPSec, Mobile IP and IP Network Address Translation (NAT). The
following three subsections cover IP support protocols such as the Internet
Control Message Protocol (ICMP) and IPv6 Neighbor Discovery (ND) protocol,
and the complete set of IP routing protocols.
Quick navigation to subsections and regular topics in this section
|
If you find The TCP/IP Guide useful, please consider making a small Paypal donation to help the site, using one of the buttons below. You can also donate a custom amount using the far right button (not less than $1 please, or PayPal gets most/all of your money!) In lieu of a larger donation, you may wish to consider purchasing a download license of The TCP/IP Guide. Thanks for your support! |
|
|
Home -
Table Of Contents - Contact Us
The TCP/IP Guide (http://www.TCPIPGuide.com)
Version 3.0 - Version Date: September 20, 2005
© Copyright 2001-2005 Charles M. Kozierok. All Rights Reserved.
Not responsible for any loss resulting from the use of this site.
|