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TCP and UDP Overview and Role In TCP/IP
(Page 2 of 3)
The Solution: Two Very Different Transport Protocols
Fixing this problem was simple: let
the network layer (IP) take care of basic data movement on the internetwork,
and define two protocols at the transport layer. One would provide a
rich set of services for those applications that need that functionality,
with the understanding that some overhead was required to accomplish
it. The other would be simple, providing little in the way of classic
layer-four functions, but it would be fast and easy to use. Thus, the
result of two TCP/IP transport-layer protocols:
- Transmission Control Protocol (TCP): A
full-featured, connection-oriented, reliable transport protocol for
TCP/IP applications. TCP provides transport-layer
addressing to allow multiple software applications to simultaneously
use a single IP address. It allows a pair of devices to establish a
virtual connection and then pass data bidirectionally. Transmissions
are managed using a special sliding window system, with unacknowledged
transmissions detected and automatically retransmitted. Additional functionality
allows the flow of data between devices to be managed, and special circumstances
to be addressed.
- User Datagram Protocol (UDP): A
very simple transport protocol that provides transport-layer addressing
like TCP, but little else. UDP is barely
more than a wrapper protocol that provides a way for applications
to access the Internet Protocol. No connection is established, transmissions
are unreliable, and data can be lost.
By means of analogy, TCP is a fully-loaded
luxury performance sedan with a chauffeur and a satellite tracking/navigation
system. It provides lots of frills and comfort, and good performance.
It virtually guarantees you will get where you need to go without any
problems, and any concerns that do arise can be corrected. In contrast,
UDP is a stripped-down race car. Its goal is simplicity and speed, speed,
speed; everything else is secondary. You will probably get where you
need to go, but hey, race cars can be finicky to keep operating.
Key Concept: To suit the differing transport requirements of the many TCP/IP applications, two TCP/IP transport layer protocols exist. The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is a full-featured, connection-oriented protocol that provides acknowledged delivery of data while managing traffic flow and handling issues such as congestion and transmission loss. The User Datagram Protocol (UDP), in contrast, is a much simpler protocol that concentrates only on delivering data, to maximize the speed of communication when the features of TCP are not required. |
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The TCP/IP Guide (http://www.TCPIPGuide.com)
Version 3.0 - Version Date: September 20, 2005
© Copyright 2001-2005 Charles M. Kozierok. All Rights Reserved.
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