Please Whitelist This Site?

I know everyone hates ads. But please understand that I am providing premium content for free that takes hundreds of hours of time to research and write. I don't want to go to a pay-only model like some sites, but when more and more people block ads, I end up working for free. And I have a family to support, just like you. :)

If you like The TCP/IP Guide, please consider the download version. It's priced very economically and you can read all of it in a convenient format without ads.

If you want to use this site for free, I'd be grateful if you could add the site to the whitelist for Adblock. To do so, just open the Adblock menu and select "Disable on tcpipguide.com". Or go to the Tools menu and select "Adblock Plus Preferences...". Then click "Add Filter..." at the bottom, and add this string: "@@||tcpipguide.com^$document". Then just click OK.

Thanks for your understanding!

Sincerely, Charles Kozierok
Author and Publisher, The TCP/IP Guide


NOTE: Using software to mass-download the site degrades the server and is prohibited.
If you want to read The TCP/IP Guide offline, please consider licensing it. Thank you.

The Book is Here... and Now On Sale!

Searchable, convenient, complete TCP/IP information.
The TCP/IP Guide

Custom Search







Table Of Contents  The TCP/IP Guide
 9  TCP/IP Lower-Layer (Interface, Internet and Transport) Protocols (OSI Layers 2, 3 and 4)
      9  TCP/IP Internet Layer (OSI Network Layer) Protocols
           9  Internet Protocol (IP/IPv4, IPng/IPv6) and IP-Related Protocols (IP NAT, IPSec, Mobile IP)
                9  Internet Protocol Mobility Support (Mobile IP)

Previous Topic/Section
Mobile IP and TCP/IP Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) Operation
Previous Page
Pages in Current Topic/Section
1
2
Next Page
Mobile IP Security Considerations
Next Topic/Section

Mobile IP Efficiency Issues
(Page 2 of 2)

Implications of Reverse Tunneling

To make matters worse, consider what happens if reverse tunneling is used! Here, tunneling is done not just for datagrams sent to the mobile node but sent from it as well. In our “worst case” example, a request/reply pair from the mobile node to another device on the foreign network requires two complete round-trips from Tokyo to London and back. Clearly, this is far from ideal.

Inefficiency is an Inherent Part of Mobile IP

There really isn't any solution to this problem within Mobile IP itself; it's just a natural consequence of how the protocol works. The only way to really improve things is to “hack in” a solution that ultimately boils down to one of the two options we always have in IP without mobility support: we either decide to give the mobile device a temporary real IP address on the foreign network, or we use a host-specific route for the mobile device while on the foreign network.

We've already seen that these both have problems, which is why Mobile IP was created in the first place. There may be situations, however, where efficiency is more important than the transparent portability that Mobile IP provides. For a long-term deployment on a foreign network far from the home network, or for applications where efficiency is paramount, it may make sense to employ one of these techniques. For example, a corporation that has a small number of offices in different cities connected using the Internet might set up special routing. This would let mobile devices visiting from other cities talk directly to nodes local to the foreign part of the network without being routed across the Internet.

Key Concept: Since datagrams are sent to a mobile node at its home address, each datagram sent to the mobile device must first go back to its home network and then be forwarded to its current location. The level of inefficiency that results depends on how far the sender is from the mobile’s home network. The worst case actually occurs if the sender and mobile are on the same foreign network, in which case each transmission must make a round-trip to the mobile’s home network and then back again. This is an inherent part of how Mobile IP and cannot readily be rectified.



Previous Topic/Section
Mobile IP and TCP/IP Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) Operation
Previous Page
Pages in Current Topic/Section
1
2
Next Page
Mobile IP Security Considerations
Next Topic/Section

If you find The TCP/IP Guide useful, please consider making a small Paypal donation to help the site, using one of the buttons below. You can also donate a custom amount using the far right button (not less than $1 please, or PayPal gets most/all of your money!) In lieu of a larger donation, you may wish to consider purchasing a download license of The TCP/IP Guide. Thanks for your support!
Donate $2
Donate $5
Donate $10
Donate $20
Donate $30
Donate: $



Home - Table Of Contents - Contact Us

The TCP/IP Guide (http://www.TCPIPGuide.com)
Version 3.0 - Version Date: September 20, 2005

© Copyright 2001-2005 Charles M. Kozierok. All Rights Reserved.
Not responsible for any loss resulting from the use of this site.