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TCP Overview, History and Standards
(Page 3 of 3)
TCP Standards
RFC 793 is the defining standard
for TCP, but it doesn't include all the details of how modern TCP operates.
Several other standards include additional information about how the
protocol works, and describe enhancements to the basic TCP mechanisms
that were developed over the years. Some of these are fairly esoteric
and not widely known, but they are useful in gaining a more complete
understanding of TCP. I have listed some of them in Table 149
Table 149: Supplementary TCP Standards
RFC Number
|
Name
|
Description
|
813
|
Window
and Acknowledgment Strategy in TCP
|
Discusses the TCP sliding
window acknowledgment system, describing
certain problems that can occur with it and methods to correct them.
|
879
|
The
TCP Maximum Segment Size and Related Topics
|
Discusses the
important Maximum
Segment Size (MSS) parameter that controls
the size of TCP messages, and relates this parameter to IP datagram
size.
|
896
|
Congestion
Control in IP/TCP Internetworks
|
Talks about congestion problems
and how TCP can be used to handle them.
Note the interesting inversion of the normal protocol suite name: IP/TCP.
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1122
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Requirements
for Internet Hosts Communication Layers
|
Describes important
details of how TCP should be implemented on hosts.
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1146
|
TCP Alternate
Checksum Options
|
Specifies a mechanism for having
TCP devices use an alternative method of checksum generation.
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1323
|
TCP
Extensions for High Performance
|
Defines extensions
to TCP for high-speed links, and new TCP options.
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2018
|
TCP Selective
Acknowledgment Options
|
An enhancement to basic TCP functionality
that allows TCP devices to selectively
specify specific segments for retransmission.
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2581
|
TCP
Congestion Control
|
Describes four
algorithms used for congestion control in TCP networks:
slow start, congestion avoidance, fast retransmit and fast recovery.
|
2988
|
Computing
TCP's
Retransmission Timer
|
Discusses issues related to setting
the TCP retransmission
timer, which controls how long a device
waits for acknowledgment of sent data before retransmitting it.
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Of course, there are hundreds
of higher-layer application protocols that use TCP, and whose defining
standards therefore make at least glancing reference to it.
TCP is of course designed to use
the Internet Protocol, since they were developed together and as we
have seen, were even once part of the same specification. At the same
time, they were split up for the specific reason of respect the principles
of architectural layering. For this reason, TCP tries to make as few
assumptions as possible regarding the underlying protocol over which
it runs. It is not as strictly tied to the use of IP as one might imagine,
and can even be adapted for use over other network-layer protocols.
For our purposes, however, this should be considered mainly an "interesting
aside". We will be assuming TCP works over IP in our discussions, since
that is almost always how it is used.
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Version 3.0 - Version Date: September 20, 2005
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