Please Whitelist This Site?

I know everyone hates ads. But please understand that I am providing premium content for free that takes hundreds of hours of time to research and write. I don't want to go to a pay-only model like some sites, but when more and more people block ads, I end up working for free. And I have a family to support, just like you. :)

If you like The TCP/IP Guide, please consider the download version. It's priced very economically and you can read all of it in a convenient format without ads.

If you want to use this site for free, I'd be grateful if you could add the site to the whitelist for Adblock. To do so, just open the Adblock menu and select "Disable on tcpipguide.com". Or go to the Tools menu and select "Adblock Plus Preferences...". Then click "Add Filter..." at the bottom, and add this string: "@@||tcpipguide.com^$document". Then just click OK.

Thanks for your understanding!

Sincerely, Charles Kozierok
Author and Publisher, The TCP/IP Guide


NOTE: Using software to mass-download the site degrades the server and is prohibited.
If you want to read The TCP/IP Guide offline, please consider licensing it. Thank you.

The Book is Here... and Now On Sale!

Enjoy The TCP/IP Guide? Get the complete PDF!
The TCP/IP Guide

Custom Search







Table Of Contents  The TCP/IP Guide
 9  TCP/IP Lower-Layer (Interface, Internet and Transport) Protocols (OSI Layers 2, 3 and 4)
      9  TCP/IP Internet Layer (OSI Network Layer) Protocols
           9  Internet Protocol (IP/IPv4, IPng/IPv6) and IP-Related Protocols (IP NAT, IPSec, Mobile IP)
                9  Internet Protocol Mobility Support (Mobile IP)

Previous Topic/Section
Mobile IP Concepts and General Operation
Previous Page
Pages in Current Topic/Section
1
2
Next Page
Mobile IP Agent Discovery, and Agent Advertisement and Solicitation Messages
Next Topic/Section

Mobile IP Addressing: Home and "Care-Of" Addresses
(Page 1 of 2)

Just as most of us have only a single address used for our mail, most IP devices have only a single address. Our traveling consultant, however, needs to have two addresses; a normal one and one that is used while he is away. Continuing our earlier analogy, the Mobile-IP-equipped notebook our consultant carries needs to have two addresses as well:

  • Home Address: The “normal”, permanent IP address assigned to the mobile node. This is the address used by the device on its home network, and the one to which datagrams intended for the mobile node are always sent.

  • Care-Of Address: A secondary, temporary address used by a mobile node while it is 'traveling” away from its home network. It is a normal 32-bit IP address in most respects, but is used only by Mobile IP for forwarding IP datagrams and for administrative functions. Higher layers never use it, nor do regular IP devices when creating datagrams.
Mobile IP Care-Of Address Types

The care-of address is a slightly tricky concept. There are two different types, which correspond to two distinctly different methods of forwarding datagrams from the home agent router.

Foreign Agent Care-Of Address

This is a care-of address provided by a foreign agent in its Agent Advertisement message. It is, in fact, the IP address of the foreign agent itself. When this type of care-of address is used, all datagrams captured by the home agent are not relayed directly to the mobile node, but indirectly to the foreign agent, which is responsible for final delivery. Since in this arrangement the mobile node has no distinct IP address valid on the foreign network, this is typically done using a layer two technology. This arrangement is illustrated in Figure 129.

In our consultant analogy, this type of care-of address is like forwarding from the London post office to the Tokyo post office. The London personnel would take a letter for John Smith sent to his London address, and repackage it for delivery to “John Smith, care of the Tokyo post office”. The Tokyo post office (or John Smith himself) would need to worry about the last leg of the delivery.

Co-Located Care-Of Address

This is a care-of address assigned directly to the mobile node using some means external to Mobile IP. For example, it may be assigned on the foreign network manually, or automatically using DHCP. In this situation, the care-of address is used to forward traffic from the home agent directly to the mobile node. This was the type of address shown in Figure 128.

In our consultant analogy, this is like John Smith obtaining a temporary address for his use while in Tokyo. The London post office would forward directly to his Tokyo address. They would not specifically send it to the Tokyo post office (though of course that PO would handle the mail at some point).


Figure 129: Mobile IP Operation With A Foreign Agent “Care-Of” Address

This diagram is similar to Figure 128, except that instead of the mobile node having a co-located (distinct) IP address as in that example, here the mobile node is using a foreign agent care-of address. This means that the node’s care-of address is actually that of the foreign agent itself. Step #1 is the same as in Figure 128, but in step #2 the home agent forwards not to the mobile node directly, but to the foreign agent (since that router is the one whose IP address the mobile is using). In step #3 the foreign agent strips off the home agent’s packaging and delivers the original datagram to the mobile node. This is typically done using whatever layer two (LAN or wireless LAN) technology connects the mobile node and foreign agent together.

 


Key Concept: In Mobile IP, each mobile device uses a temporary, care-of address while on a foreign network. A co-located care-off address is one that is assigned directly to the mobile node, and enables direct delivery of datagrams to the node. The alternative is to use a foreign agent care-of address. In this situation the mobile node actually uses the IP address of the foreign agent; datagrams are sent to the foreign agent, which delivers them to the mobile node.



Previous Topic/Section
Mobile IP Concepts and General Operation
Previous Page
Pages in Current Topic/Section
1
2
Next Page
Mobile IP Agent Discovery, and Agent Advertisement and Solicitation Messages
Next Topic/Section

If you find The TCP/IP Guide useful, please consider making a small Paypal donation to help the site, using one of the buttons below. You can also donate a custom amount using the far right button (not less than $1 please, or PayPal gets most/all of your money!) In lieu of a larger donation, you may wish to consider purchasing a download license of The TCP/IP Guide. Thanks for your support!
Donate $2
Donate $5
Donate $10
Donate $20
Donate $30
Donate: $



Home - Table Of Contents - Contact Us

The TCP/IP Guide (http://www.TCPIPGuide.com)
Version 3.0 - Version Date: September 20, 2005

© Copyright 2001-2005 Charles M. Kozierok. All Rights Reserved.
Not responsible for any loss resulting from the use of this site.