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The TCP/IP Guide 9 TCP/IP Protocol Suite and Architecture |
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TCP/IP Protocols
(Page 3 of 4)
Network Layer (OSI Layer 3) Protocols
The very important network layer contains the Internet Protocol and several related and support protocols, as shown in Table 21.
Protocol Name |
Protocol Abbr. |
Description |
IP, IPv6 |
Provides encapsulation and connectionless delivery of transport layer messages over a TCP/IP network. Also responsible for addressing and routing functions. |
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IP NAT |
Allows addresses on a private network to be automatically translated to different addresses on a public network, providing address sharing and security benefits. (Note that some people don’t consider IP NAT to be a protocol in the strict sense of that word.) |
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IPSec |
A set of IP-related protocols that improve the security of IP transmissions. |
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Mobile IP |
Resolves certain problems with IP associated with mobile devices. |
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ICMP/ICMPv4, ICMPv6 |
A “support protocol” for IP and IPv6 that provides error-reporting and information request-and-reply capabilities to hosts. |
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ND |
A new “support protocol” for IPv6 that includes several functions performed by ARP and ICMP in conventional IP. |
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Routing Information Protocol, Open Shortest Path First, Gateway-to-Gateway Protocol, HELLO Protocol, Interior Gateway Routing Protocol, Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol, Border Gateway Protocol, Exterior Gateway Protocol |
RIP, OSPF, GGP, HELLO, IGRP, EIGRP, BGP, EGP |
Protocols used to support the routing of IP datagrams and the exchange of routing information. |
The transport layer contains the essential protocols TCP and UDP, as shown in Table 22.
Protocol Name |
Protocol Abbr. |
Description |
TCP |
The main transport layer protocol for TCP/IP. Establishes and manages connections between devices and ensures reliable and flow-controlled delivery of data using IP. |
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UDP |
A transport protocol that can be considered a “severely stripped-down” version of TCP. It is used to send data in a simple way between application processes, without the many reliability and flow management features of TCP, but often with greater efficiency. |
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