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TCP Basic Operation: Connection Establishment, Management and Termination
While I have described the Transmission
Control Protocol as connection-oriented, this term isn't "just
any old characteristic" of TCP. The overall operation of the entire
protocol can be described in terms of how TCP software prepares, negotiates,
establishes, manages and terminates connections. TCP implementations
certainly do more than handle connections, but the other major tasks
they perform, such as data handling and providing reliability and flow
control, can only occur over a stable connection. This makes connections
the logical place to begin in exploring the details of how TCP does
its thing.
In this section I describe TCP connections
from start to finish. I begin with an overview of TCP's operation by
providing a summary of the finite state machine that formally
defines the stages of a connection. State machines can be a bit mind-boggling
when you read about them in standards, but a simplified version provides
an excellent high-level view of the "life" of a connection, so it is
a good place to start.
From there, I move on to provide
details about TCP's handling of connections. I described how connections
are prepared and transmission control blocks (TCBs) set up, and the
difference between a passive and an active socket open. I explain the
three-way handshake used to create a connection, and the method by which
parameters are exchanged and sequence numbers synchronized. I talk about
how an established connection is managed, including the method by which
TCP handles problem conditions and resets the connection when necessary.
Finally, I describe how a connection can be terminated when it is no
longer needed.
Quick navigation to subsections and regular topics in this section
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The TCP/IP Guide (http://www.TCPIPGuide.com)
Version 3.0 - Version Date: September 20, 2005
© Copyright 2001-2005 Charles M. Kozierok. All Rights Reserved.
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