Please Whitelist This Site?

I know everyone hates ads. But please understand that I am providing premium content for free that takes hundreds of hours of time to research and write. I don't want to go to a pay-only model like some sites, but when more and more people block ads, I end up working for free. And I have a family to support, just like you. :)

If you like The TCP/IP Guide, please consider the download version. It's priced very economically and you can read all of it in a convenient format without ads.

If you want to use this site for free, I'd be grateful if you could add the site to the whitelist for Adblock. To do so, just open the Adblock menu and select "Disable on tcpipguide.com". Or go to the Tools menu and select "Adblock Plus Preferences...". Then click "Add Filter..." at the bottom, and add this string: "@@||tcpipguide.com^$document". Then just click OK.

Thanks for your understanding!

Sincerely, Charles Kozierok
Author and Publisher, The TCP/IP Guide


NOTE: Using software to mass-download the site degrades the server and is prohibited.
If you want to read The TCP/IP Guide offline, please consider licensing it. Thank you.

The Book is Here... and Now On Sale!

Enjoy The TCP/IP Guide? Get the complete PDF!
The TCP/IP Guide

Custom Search







Table Of Contents  The TCP/IP Guide
 9  TCP/IP Application Layer Protocols, Services and Applications (OSI Layers 5, 6 and 7)
      9  TCP/IP Key Applications and Application Protocols
           9  TCP/IP Interactive and Remote Application Protocols
                9  Telnet Protocol

Previous Topic/Section
Telnet Connections and Client/Server Operation
Previous Page
Pages in Current Topic/Section
1
2
34
Next Page
Telnet Protocol Commands
Next Topic/Section

Telnet Communications Model and the Network Virtual Terminal (NVT)
(Page 2 of 4)

The Network Virtual Terminal

Telnet uses an approach similar to the analogy described above for dealing with its problem of hardware and software compatibility. Rather than having terminals and hosts communicate using their various native “languages”, all Telnet clients and servers agree to send data and commands that adhere to a fictional, “virtual” terminal type call the Network Virtual Terminal (NVT). The NVT defines a set of rules for how information is formatted and sent, such as character set, line termination, and how information about the Telnet session itself is sent.

Each Telnet client running on a terminal understands both its native language and NVT. When information is entered by the user on his or her local terminal, it is converted to NVT for transmission over the network in NVT form. When the Telnet server receives this information, it translates it from NVT to the format that the remote host expects to receive it. The identical process is performed for transmissions from the server to the client, in reverse. This is illustrated in Figure 320.


Figure 320: Telnet Communication and the Network Virtual Terminal (NVT)

Telnet uses the Network Virtual Terminal (NVT) representation to allow a user terminal and remote host that use different internal formats to communicate.

 


Key Concept: The Telnet Network Virtual Terminal (NVT) is a uniform data representation that ensures the compatibility of communication between terminals and hosts that may use very different hardware, software and data formats. The Telnet client translates user input from the terminal’s native form to NVT for transport to the Telnet server, where it is converted to the host’s internal format. The process is reversed for output from the host to the user.


The NVT is defined to consist of a logical “keyboard” for input and a logical “printer” for output (the age of the protocol is reflected in these terms; decades ago there were no monitors, all output was on paper). NVT uses the 7-bit United States ASCII (USASCII) character set. Each character is encoded using one 8-bit byte. Note however that a client and server can use Telnet options to negotiate other data representations, including the transmission of either extended ASCII or even full 8-bit binary data.


Previous Topic/Section
Telnet Connections and Client/Server Operation
Previous Page
Pages in Current Topic/Section
1
2
34
Next Page
Telnet Protocol Commands
Next Topic/Section

If you find The TCP/IP Guide useful, please consider making a small Paypal donation to help the site, using one of the buttons below. You can also donate a custom amount using the far right button (not less than $1 please, or PayPal gets most/all of your money!) In lieu of a larger donation, you may wish to consider purchasing a download license of The TCP/IP Guide. Thanks for your support!
Donate $2
Donate $5
Donate $10
Donate $20
Donate $30
Donate: $



Home - Table Of Contents - Contact Us

The TCP/IP Guide (http://www.TCPIPGuide.com)
Version 3.0 - Version Date: September 20, 2005

© Copyright 2001-2005 Charles M. Kozierok. All Rights Reserved.
Not responsible for any loss resulting from the use of this site.